Lighting knowledge

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1. The essence of light:
Light is the essence of electromagnetic wave. It is a small part of the whole electromagnetic wave. Spectral light is a form of energy. In visible light, the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation is produced by the human eye. Electromagnetic spectrum exists in radio and television signals, including infrared and ultraviolet radiation, X-ray, nuclear radiation and cosmic radiation.
The spectrum also includes the standard of 50HZ AC wavelength (6000km) and visible light wavelength 380-780nm (= 10-9m). Different wavelengths have different perceptions of the color of human eyes, such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, blue and purple.
2. Flux (beam): Light source, light emitted from an object (quantity) in units of lumens (lm), such as 780 (item) light and CFL, with total luminous flux (beam) of 780 lumens.
3, brightness:
The definition of illumination intensity is almost the same. If we regard each object as a light source, the brightness is the description of the light source. The illumination intensity is to look at each object as a crop body. A plate is used to illustrate what the intensity is when a beam is illuminated according to the plate. Lighting, and then how many beams of light reflected to the human eye, called how much brightness of the board, so there are the following formulas: brightness is equal to illumination intensity multiplied by reflectance.
4, light intensity:
The solid angle (density) of the beam. The unit of light intensity is photometry and one of the basic units of the international system. In order to reconstruct the unit of light intensity, the reference point of light is initially a candle, so the unit of light intensity is called the early stage (candle). Later, with the development of science and technology, tungsten was used as the light benchmark. After 1948, the candle was no longer black and named as the unit of light intensity (CD).
5. How to control glare:
Visual objects with brightness or brightness contrast can cause discomfort or visual impairment, which is called glare. There are two ways to control glare in energy: 1. directly control the brightness of light source or use transparent material to reduce glare; 2. control glare with lamp protection angle.
6. Color moderation and psychology:
The absolute thermometer of light source colour is described by a radiator whose luminosity is equal to or nearly perfect, so the luminosity thermometer of light source is also called the luminosity temperature of light source.
Color Temperature: The light source emits light radiation at a certain temperature, and at the same time emits light color. The temperature of the blackbody is called the color temperature of the light source. The color temperature below 3300K has a quiet atmosphere, and the color temperature is 3000-5000k. The color temperature is over 5000k. When two very light colors are used in the same space, the contrast effect will be graded, and the light-color contrast will be large. At the same time, the brightness level can be achieved, and the light-color level can be obtained.
It refers to the objective effect produced by light-colored objects. If the illumination effect of various objects is the same as that of standard light source (bold) or sunlight illumination, it is considered that the rendering effect of light source is good, the rendering index is high, and the color distortion of TD leads to poor (low) color rendering effect of light source.
7. The physiological basis of color vision:
Object light passes through cornea and aqueous humor, crystals and vitreous bodies. Objects focus on the retina. Retinal photoreceptor cells enter nerve impulses and transmit brain, advanced visual cortex and vision. D cone. The rod has high photosensitivity and the cone has low photosensitivity. So only rods work under weak light. With the increase of brightness and the growth of conical cells, conical cells play a leading role. Rod cells can't distinguish colors, as long as conical cells have them. Color vision.
8, efficiency.
Light source efficiency: refers to the light source phi and the light flux emitted by the light source, P.
9. Luminaire efficiency: Luminaire efficiency refers to the ratio of the measured value of luminous flux emitted by a luminaire to the sum of the luminous flux of all light sources under specified conditions.
10. The parameters usually proposed by the manufacturer indicate the characteristics of the light source:
Rated voltage and current: The work required by a light source due to the required voltage and current. When rated voltage and rated current are operated by electricity.
Electric light source of active power under rated power and rated power
Rated flux and luminous efficiency: Rated flux is the reflection of luminous flux of light source under rated working conditions, commonly known as luminous flux; luminous efficiency refers to the luminous flux of light source emitted by power consumption per watt, and the catalogue of luminous flux and luminous efficiency will decrease with time.
Service life: The life of the electric light source has the average life expectancy of full life and effective life (referring to the light-emitting efficiency of the electric light source drops to 70% of the initial value in use).
E, spectral energy distribution curve, representing the distribution of light components and relative intensity at different wavelengths in the spectral energy distribution curve of light source radiation. Drawing a curve according to the relative intensity of different wavelengths is called a curve. Spectral energy distribution curve of electric light source.
Color temperature f
Color rendering
Stroboscopic effect: when the light source uses alternating current power supply, the change of alternating current (ac) is periodic, and the light source is the periodic change of light flux, which can make the human eye produce kerosene sense. T light source has large photothermal inertia, so the flash sensation is not obvious, but the gas discharge lamp is more obvious.

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